Page 60 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062960lOMoAR cPSD|10120753future of the firm, the firm%u2019s strategic goals, short-term and future performance,specific bottlenecks and trouble affecting operational capabilities, and the overall ability of the firm to achieve its objectives.Middle management and project team:. Middle management is concerned withspecific, timelyinformation about firm performance, including revenue and cost reduction targets, and with developing plans and budgets to meet strategic goals established by senior management. This group needs to make important decisions about allocating resources, developing short-range plans, and monitoring the performance of departments, task forces, teams, and special project groups. Oftenthe work of middle managers is accomplished in teams or small groups of managersworking on a task.Operational management and project teams: Operational management monitorsthe performance of each subunit of the firm and manages individual employees.Operational managers are in charge of specific projects and allocate resources within the project budget, establish schedules, and make personnel decisions. Operational work may also be accomplished through teams.Individual employee: Employees try to fulfil the objectives of managers abovethem, following established rules and procedures for their routine activities.Increasingly, however, employees are granted much broader responsibilities and decision-making authority based on their own best judgment and information in corporate systems. Employees may be making decisions about specific vendors, customers, and other employees. Because employees interact directly with thepublic, how well they make their decisions can directly impact the firm%u2019s revenuestreams.6.3. Types of decisionsThe characteristics of decisions faced by managers at different levels are quitedifferent. Decisions can be classified as structured, semi-structured, and