Page 52 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062952Bin 1: 4, 8, 9, 15 Bin 2: 21, 21, 24, 25 Bin 3: 26, 28, 29, 34 Smoothing by bin means: Bin 1: 9, 9, 9, 9 Bin 2: 23, 23, 23, 23 Bin 3: 29, 29, 29, 29 Smoothing by bin boundaries: Bin 1: 4, 4, 4, 15 Bin 2: 21, 21, 25, 25 Bin 3: 26, 26, 26, 34 Discretization by Classification & Correlation Analysis : It is supervised where class labels given Using entropy to determine split point (discretization point) and use Top-down approach in classification and recursive split, in correlation analysis we use bottom-up merge approach (find the best neighboring intervals (those having similar distributions of classes, i.e., low %u03c72 values) to merge. Concept Hierarchy Generation: Concept hierarchy organizes concepts (i.e., attribute values) hierarchically and is usually associated with each dimension in a data warehouse. Concept hierarchies facilitate drilling and rolling in data warehouses to view data in multiple granularity. Concept hierarchy is formed by recursively reducing the data by collecting and replacing low level concepts (such as numeric values for age) by higher level concepts (such as youth, adult, or senior). Concept hierarchies can be explicitly specified by domain experts and/or data warehouse designers and can be automatically formed for both numeric and nominal data. Concept Hierarchy Generation for Nominal Data : Specification of a partial/total ordering of attributes explicitly at the schema level by users or experts (street < city < state < country)Specification of a hierarchy for a set of values by explicit data grouping {Urbana, Champaign, Chicago} < Illinois Specification of only a partial set of attributes E.g., only street < city, not others