Page 39 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062939Explanations describe how or why a fact is true.An argument has two dimensions:Premises Final conclusion Assumptions It is essential to put aside our view point and feelings in any argument and only depend on logical thinking and evidence to support our claimDifferent kinds of ArgumentsCausal arguments; in which one situation is the result or the cause of the other.Statistical arguments (Sample argument) ; a conclusion is reached based on studying a sample from a population.Measurement arguments; in which predicting a situation depends on the similarity it has on another situation.Four methods to strengthen an argumentPresenting supportive evidence to the logical introductory information.Assure the validity or present evidence to the assumption made.Presenting evidence to the reached conclusions.Weakening a counterargument either directly or indirectly.How to strengthen our argument?To make our argument more convincing to others:Doubts must be excluded by providing strong relations between the evidence and the final conclusion.Preliminary assumptions must be reasonable and supported by evidence.Weakening any counterargument to the proposed claim or argument.How to weaken an argument?It is the opposite of strengthening arguments where it is required to weaken or initiate doubts around a specific argument.Take into consideration that weakening an argument does not imply necessarily rejecting it.