Page 110 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u0629110- 108-Chapter 6Production capacity of port services The lack of development of ports and the continued absence and poor planning and operation of ports have many negative effects, the most important of which are the following:1 -National economy did not benefit from transportation savings achieved by using of huge and specialized ships in application economies of scale principle as a result of inadequate or lacking facilities, especially with regard to deep berths and high-capacity circulation rates.2-High rate of ships staying in ports and their operating costs for owners due to inefficiency of the facilities. Also, reluctance of some to come and transfer of others to other competing ports, which results in the loss of a large part of the movement to port.3 -Low performance rates and high percentage of lost and damaged goods imported and exported as a result of poor planning and management and obsolescence of operating facilities and poor handling and failure to adopt modern methods of handling, storing or transporting goods, which affects the final prices of imports and exports loss of their competitiveness in foreign markets.4- Loss of the port's ability to participate in program of developing local environment, economically and socially. Since development of port services is a necessity to keep pace with economic development, because it is not logical for port%u201fs capacity and equipment to control the rates of growth and economic development, and then it is necessary to pay attention to developing ports%u201f capacity and equipment and modernizing their operations so that they are on a continuous and permanent basis for the type of ships and volume of trade that they reach to allow It flows easily and at the lowest possible cost. The question that arises before undertaking any investment process in the ports in the developing countries, whether by expanding and developing the existing ports or establishing new ones, is whether capabilities and equipment of the ports (the supply side)1are sufficient in their current situation to absorb and accept the developments in the volume of the country%u201fs foreign trade (demand side) or not? The answer to this question requires the necessity of studying and analyzing what actually exists of service capabilities and facilities, while measuring the possible and actual production capacities of them, and comparing this with the size of the current and prospective demand, within the framework of any applied study, but before dealing with any applied study, it is necessary to address the various literature related to on this subject. 1 In addition to geographical components and financial and economic capabilities that determine the activity of supply port services, there are other aspects that have impacts on the same activity, including t administrative and organizational aspects of supply of port services, price policies for port services, and labor policies