Page 303 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062973- 73 -Another way in which ports can exploit know-how in order to pursue their strategic goals is to participate in the development of a network of inland terminals within Europe. Developing and rationalizing intermodal transport operations places great demands on the structure and operation of inland terminals. By investing in inland terminals and participating in their operation, a sea port can establish itself in inland regions. Inland terminals may be considered as %u2015extended gates%u2016 for sea ports, through which transport flows can be better controlled and adjusted to match conditions in the port itself. In this way, inland terminals can help to improve land access to ports in both physical and psychological terms.According to Zimmer (1996) an ideal terminal is not a certain physical configuration of berth and tracks, but an organization of services integrated with a physical plant that meets the business needs of a specific marketplace. These physical plants may take many forms, which are influenced by the characteristics of the landscape, their proximity to the seaport or major industrial complex, their location relative to the main rail infrastructure, and their distance from the country%u2018s highway network. This conscious and strategic development of intermodal terminals in the hinterland is approaching what we denote dry portBs.ased on earlier own research on the terminal facilities using the dry port notion, the following definition was formed by Leveque and Roso (2001):A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected to seaport(s) with high-capacity trans- port mean(s), where customers can leave/pick up their standardized units as if directly to a seaport.Apart from the basic service, transshipment, that a conventional inland terminal provides; services like storage, consolidation, depot-storage of empty containers, maintenance and repair for containers, custom clearance, etc. should be available at full-service dry ports.