Page 304 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062974- 74 -The quality of access to a dry port and the quality of the road/rail/waterway interface determines the quality of terminal performance therefore it is necessary to have scheduled, reliable, transport by high capacity means to and from the seaport. Thus, dry ports are used much more consciously than inland terminals with the aim to improve the situation caused by increased container flows, focus on security and control by use of information and communication systems. The real difference is that the gates of the port are extended as de- scribed by van Klink above and that the shipper or forwarder see the dry port as an adequate interface towards the port and the shipping lines. Hence, the dry port concept goes beyond just using the rail and barge modes for high capacity transportation in the hinter- land.The dry ports are mostly located interior from the coast, thus the name dry port, but it does not exclude cities with sea access. In the case of Sweden, G%u00f6teborg is the main port and the concentration of flows with a high frequency together with the fact that calling Ports of Stockholm implies a significant detour around southern Sweden, means that most containers are moved by rail across Sweden. Between the seaport and the dry ports, relatively large goods%u2018 flows are being concentrated, giving room for other traffic modes than road. For a fully developed dry port concept the seaport or shipping companies control the rail or barge operations, but it does not mean that the terminal itself must be dedicated to serving only one port and it can also be part of a network for continental services.3.1 Distant dry portsBased upon the function of a dry port, they can be categorised as distant, mid-range and close dry ports. A distant dry port is the most conventional of the three and has the longest history. The main reason for implementing it is simply that the distance and the size of the flow make rail or barge viable from a strict cost perspective. Figure 2 shows a seaport and its hinterland with the implementation of a distant dry port.