Page 96 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062996- 94 -Chapter 5Port services pricing The port offers a wide range of services that are characterized by diversity, starting from receiving, guiding, towing and anchoring ships to the side of the berth, unloading and shipping their goods, transporting and storing them until handing them over to their owners. The ships differ in their types and sizes and the goods carried. These services are also provided by more than one party and an economic entity, some of which are governmental and some are private. All these entities are supposed to work in accordance with the vision and policy of the port administration, which is responsible for all port activities, and it is the one that proposes the decision on tariffs for services approved by competent minister. Based on the foregoing, there must be a tariff for each of services provided by the port, and it must lead once to one party to facilitate procedurally for those requesting these services. In reality the tariff is often very complicated for a single service, since part of it is charged to the owner of the goods, another part on the shipping agent or the owner of the ship, and a third part on the operator or loading and unloading contractor, which leads to more problems and interference between the different parties. Many shipping lines refrained from frequenting those ports, and the owners of foreign capital also refrained from investing in projects in these ports, due to the high tariff, its lack of clarity and not based on acceptable foundations and complexity of its formulation, which made it an expelling tariff. Although each port has its own way of pricing its services, the most important rules for determining the fees are total registered tonnage of the ship, registered net tonnage of the ship, amount of goods carried by ship, length of ship and its submersible. Among the most important factors affecting the determination of the level of port fees are: determining the objectives of the port authority and determining its pricing policy, determining the annual costs that occur in each cost center and the extent to which costs are subject to change, and the extent to which the cost structure and fees are linked.