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Chapter two
     Digital transformation and Audit Expectation Gap in the 4th

                          Industrial revolution Era
    In This chapter we will cover:

    1. Industry 4.0, and the audit profession
    2. The professional expectation gap concept and reasons
    3. The main features of expectation gap
    4. The quantitative expression of professional expectation gap
    5. Narrowing audit expectation gap
    6. The future of the audit profession in Egypt
    7.The implication of Industry4.0 on audit expectation gap

              First: Industry 4.0, and the Audit Profession:

    What is the Evolution of Industrial Revolutions through time?
     ▪ Industry 1.0: marked by the replacement of man power by
        machines, developments in transportation and the increasing use
        of metal
     ▪ Industry 2.0: marked by use of electric power, the development
        and use of tools, such as telegraphs, telephones, radio and
        typewriters
     ▪ Industry 3.0: marked by the invention and use of programmable
        machines in production, the use of computers and the Internet

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    ‫جميع الحقوق محفوظة ـ الإعتداء على حق المؤلف بالنسخ أو الطباعة يعرض فاعله للمسائلة القانونية‬
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