Page 27 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062927Congruence bias - the tendency to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, in contrast to tests of possible alternative hypotheses.Contrast effect - the enhancement or diminishing of a weight or other measurement when compared with a recently observed contrasting object.Denomination effect - the tendency to spend more moneywhen it is denominated in small amounts (e.g. coins) ratherthan large amounts (e.g. notes).Distinction bias - the tendency to view two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately.Empathy gap - the tendency to underestimate the influence or strength of feelings, in either oneself or others.Endowment effect - the fact that people often demand much more to give up an object than they would be willing to pay to acquire it.Experimenter%u2019s or Expectation bias - the tendency for experimenters to believe, certify, and publish datathat agree with their expectations for the outcome ofan experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations.Focusing effect - the tendency to place too much importance on one aspect of an event; causes error in accurately predicting the utility of a future outcome.Framing effect - drawing different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented.Hostile media effect - the tendency to see a media report as being biased due to one's own strong partisan views.Hyperbolic discounting - the tendency for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs, where the tendency increases the closer to the present both payoffs are.Illusion of control - the tendency to overestimate one's degree of influence over other external events.