Page 31 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062931Illusory correlation - inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two events, either because of prejudice or selective processing of information.Just-world hypothesis %u2013 the tendency for people to want to believe that the world is fundamentally just, causing them to rationalize an otherwise inexplicable injustice as deserved by the victim(s).Observer-expectancy effect - when a researcher expects agiven result and therefore unconsciously manipulates anexperiment or misinterprets data in order to find it (see alsosubject-expectancy effect).Optimism bias %u2013 the tendency to be over-optimistic about theoutcome of planned actions.Ostrich effect %u2013 ignoring an obvious (negative) situation.Overconfident effect %u2013 excessive confidence in one's ownanswers to questions. For example, for certain types ofquestions, answers that people rate as \be wrong 40% of the time.Positive outcome bias %u2013 the tendency of one to overestimate theprobability of a favorable outcome coming to pass in a givensituation (see also wishful thinking, optimism bias and valenceeffect).Pareidolia %u2013 a vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound) is perceived as significant, e.g., seeing images of animals or faces in clouds, the man in the moon, and hearing hidden messages on records played in reverse.Pessimism bias %u2013 the tendency for some people, especially thosesuffering from depression, to overestimate the likelihood of negative things happening to them.Primacy effect %u2013 the greater ease of recall of initial items in asequence compared to items in the middle of the sequence.Recency effect %u2013 the greater ease of recall of items at the end of a sequence compared to items earlier in the sequence.Recency bias %u2013 a cognitive bias that results fromdisproportionate salience of recent stimuli or observations %u2014 the