Page 38 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062938lOMoAR cPSD|10120753- Use of a strong hierarchy, position-based status, and formal power. (When amanager force employee under him to share their knowledge).- Insufficient capture, evaluation, feedback, communication, and tolerance of pastmistakes.- Differences in experience and education levels (communication between a PhDholder and uneducated one)- Lack of contact time and interaction between knowledge sources and recipients- Poor verbal/written communication and interpersonal skills- Age, gender, cultural and ethical defenses- Lack of a social network- Ownership of intellectual property (mention the source when sharing knowledge)- Lack of trust in people because they may misuse knowledge or take unjust creditfor it- Perceived lack of accuracy/credibility of knowledge.Approaches to Knowledge Management1- Process or technical approach to knowledge management attempts to codify(make it explicit) organizational knowledge through formalized controls,processes, and technologies. Focuses on explicit knowledge and IT e.g., google.2- Practice or social approach focuses on creating and building the socialenvironments or communities of practice (network or group of individuals sharethe same interest between them often self-organized for managing knowledge)necessary to facilitate the sharing of tacit understanding. Focuses on tacitknowledge and socialization.3- Hybrid approaches to knowledge managementMix of practice approach and process approach focus on both of them. On thesocial activities where workers meet and CoP. On the technical side is provide