Page 3 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u06293Chapter OneRole of Ports in Economic DevelopmentIntroduction The difference and diversity in the natural, environmental and climatic conditions of each part of the earth from the other is the most important reason behind the different outputs of each country. The products produced in valleys differ from those produced in hot tropical regions from cold regions. region to another. Since ancient times, mankind has been aware of the importance of trade exchange as a means to meet needs and sustain life, so man knew barter and then trade exchange within one country, then trade exchange between countries, each other, and this was supported by the theory of comparative advantage, which means that each country specializes in the production of goods and services that enjoy which have a greater comparative advantage while leaving those in which they have less comparative advantage. The foreign trade of any country is not only one of the main factors motivating its economic growth, but it is also one of its most important outcomes. Economic growth is achieved when foreign trade increases, but the growth itself creates more of it and provides opportunities for new trades to be established. When talking about foreign trade, the mind usually turns to the movement of goods to be obtained or disposed of, and in order for that movement to take place, two elements must be present, the first means of transportation necessary to carry these goods to their final destination through various means of transport, and the second is the port through which the passage will be This merchandise. In view of the decline in the role of land transport and its confinement in the field of internal transport from the place of production to the port and from the port to the place of consumption or receipt or within the framework of countries that are linked with neighboring countries with paved land borders and roads, and air transport is only used for valuable and perishable goods, due to An increase in the value of air freight. Add to this the tremendous progress in the maritime transport industry. Containers appeared and container ships appeared with them - cells - which led to achieving more speed and safety in the transport of goods from door to door, so we find that more than 85% of the global trade volume is through it. . In view of this development in the field of maritime transport, it was necessary to develop port services in order to match this development in the types of ships and the standardization and standardization of goods.