Page 4 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u06294 Adam Smith indicated more than two hundred years ago in his book Wealth of Nation in 1776 that the means of maritime transport will play an important role in the process of specialization and economic expansion, given that the means of water transport have a greater role than the role of land transport in expanding and opening markets to Various types of industries and to help them improve their conditions and start the process of specialization and diversification. Thus, it becomes clear that international trade is an end and that maritime transport with its tributaries, including ports, is a means, and therefore the end is not achieved without the presence of the means In this chapter, we address four main points:%u2022 The first point: the definition of the port.%u2022 The second point: the functions of the ports.%u2022 The third point: port classifications.%u2022 Fourth point: the development of ports.First point: Port Definition Port generally means any place where passengers and goods are transported from a particular mode of transport to another means or modes of transport. Therefore, sea and river ports, airports, railway stations and road transport stations for trucks are all ports according to this concept. However, in the seaports, to which ships come for loading and/or unloading, we often find all other means of transportation, including railways, rivers, land, and sometimes air. Despite the importance of seaports from the economic, social and political point of view, because of the functions they perform, at least compared to those landlocked countries that do not overlook seas or oceans, especially if they are characterized by efficient management and operation equipment. Perhaps this means that the availability of optimal designs and the distinguished location of the seaports is a necessary and not sufficient condition in order to reap the desired fruits from them. Rather, they must enjoy efficient processing, management and operation. The port is the last link in the maritime transport chain, and it is an area prepared by states and provided with equipment, tools and facilities to be suitable for completing procedures on seaborne goods. This area may be limited by water and land, and may also be limited by land when the so-called dry port is established.