Page 28 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062928Port divisioncriteria1960s1970s 1980s1990s 2000s1 2 3 4 5 6PropertyInfrastructure is commonly public property(exception - Great Britain). Superstructure andoperational activities- both private and public, depending on the countryand/orseaport.The increasing involvement of the private sector in the provision of port services with the use of thesuperstruc- ture.The increasing involvement of the private sector1980s Seaport privatisation in Great Britain. Ownership concentration in British ports.Increase of commercialisation of seaport managements. Ports become more focusedon users. Further privatisation of Great Britain seaport.1990s Increasing ownership concentration of container terminals due to theirpartial acquisition by international terminal corporations.Forms of cargoConventional cargo. Commencement of the phase ofreplacing semi-bulk cargo with unitised cargo.Conven- tional cargo has been divided into:container, ro-ro,in the form of bulk cargoes Small changes in theform of liquid cargo.Replacement of semi-bulk cargo with unitisedcargo1980s Ships are increasingly bigger2000s Unification of conventional cargoes is nearly finishedCargo manipulation processConventionalcargoDry bulk cargo High level ofmechanisationLiquid bulk cargo High level ofmechanisation and automationIncreasingautomation andmechanisation. Subject to mechanisa- tionand automation along withcargo unification.Specialisedterminals forhandling dry bulk cargoesSpecialised terminalsfor handling liquidbulk cargoesIncreasing automation of dry bulk volumeFull automation of liquid bulk volumeFullautomationofoperationalactivity onquays and in storageoperationsin certaincontainerterminals(robotics).