Page 30 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062930Table 2. The change processes in European ports according to WORKPORT1 2 3 4 5 6Work environment health and safety aspectsWork in a port is dangerous due to the high share of physical labour. Improper legal regulationsand insufficient training.Decreasing rate of work-related accidents and absencesDecrease of the rate ofaccidents and a reduction of absences due to health issues.Fewer work-related accidents. Worker health problems due to areduction of simplephysical labour (otheraccidents having muchmore severe results).Port cranes become more ergonomic and adapted to the needs of the workers handling them.An increase in the number of training sessions in the scope of occupational health and safety.Formal policy in the scope of occupational health and safety.EU directive on working time. Rigorous inspection of the workstation surroundings.Natural environmentOverall low level of awareness in thescope of the need to protect the environment.Increasing awareness of the surroundingsReactive answer to eventsEU environmental assessment.Specific legislation. Local ad hocinitiatives.An increasingly proactive system ofenvironmental management.Directive on birdbreeding sites.Ecological code of theESPO(European Sea PortsOrganization).Quality of environmental protectionensured by the environmentalmanagement system. Conformancewith environmental protection lawand responsibility for the stateof nature as an element ofregular business planningProduction means Intensive human labourHumanlabourreplaced withcapitalintensiveinvestments in devices usedfor port loading/unloadingoperations-introduction of new technologies.Increasing technological advancement and basing porteconomy on knowledge (knowhow).Information andcommunicationtechnologies.Integration of economical interests ofthe entire port community