Page 12 - Demo
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%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062912(7) The field of urban planning (regional development and income distribution) The presence of the port in an area has an impact on revitalizing and establishing commercial, industrial and service projects, especially those that depend on their requirements abroad and those that export the surplus abroad, and therefore this must be taken into account when planning the areas surrounding the port, given that ports contribute to the redistribution of the population within the country. thus,redistributing income between the different regions within the state. Because it increases the economic value of the coastal lands and the sites adjacent to the port. This settlement and exploitation entail the use of idle resources, the redistribution of incomes, and the increase of the multiplier effect or the economic accelerator ofdevelopment. In addition, port development processes develop many types of activities that would not have existed in the first place without the presence of the port, such as requesting transport services, goods services and ships, such as attracting some export and import industries, as well as stimulating some extractive, transformative and agricultural exports, which results in many activities and job opportunities. Employment and income increase.(8) Scope for national product and added value Many economists agree that the addition to national income and national product is the best measure of the importance of the ports sector%u2018s contribution to national economic activity, and the net added value is calculated. for external transfers) The project is considered acceptable from the national point of view if the net added value is positive. But if that value is equal to wages, then it can be said that the enterprise faces wages but does not generate more surplus than that, and thus it can be accepted from the marginal point of view. The social rate of return for the port project can be calculated using the following equationSocial rate of return = (present value of added value - present value of wages) / present value of investment.It is difficult to determine the relative importance of the value added in the ports sector in developing countries and to compare it with the added value of other economic sectors, due to the lack of accurate statistics. However, this percentage is expected to decrease due to the fact that this sector is considered a service-productive sector that does not seek to maximize private profitability but seeks to maximize national profitability, which means the need to take into account the contribution of port projects in increasing the added productive value of other units related to port activity

