Page 17 - Demo

%u062c%u0645%u064a%u0639 %u0627%u0644%u062d%u0642%u0648%u0642 %u0645%u062d%u0641%u0648%u0638%u0629 %u0640 %u0627%u0625%u0644%u0639%u062a%u062f%u0627%u0621 %u0639%u0649%u0644 %u062d%u0642 %u0627%u0645%u0644%u0624%u0644%u0641 %u0628%u0627%u0644%u0646%u0633%u062e %u0623%u0648 %u0627%u0644%u0637%u0628%u0627%u0639%u0629 %u064a%u0639%u0631%u0636 %u0641%u0627%u0639%u0644%u0647 %u0644%u0644%u0645%u0633%u0627%u0626%u0644%u0629 %u0627%u0644%u0642%u0627%u0646%u0648%u0646%u064a%u062917(3) Artificial ports: These are those ports that are built entirely by means of construction and engineering equipment, including the protection of their entrances and exits, and the construction of docks and docks for ships and all the necessary equipment.Fourth: According to the forms of ownership and managementPorts can be classified in terms of forms of ownership and management into the following:(1) National Ports: These are those ports that are managed on the basis of the central supervision of a central government administration and for the general interest of the state, and therefore it is one of its facilities that are subject to a comprehensive national plan aimed at developing and growing the transport chain of which, the ports are one of its links, and therefore the fees and tariffs of these Uniform ports. Examples of these ports are Canada, Japan, Iran and Egypt. These ports are characterized by focusing and distributing capital investments related to facilities and equipment - financed from the state budget - on a small number of ports that serve the state's economy instead of spending it on a larger number, in addition to monitoring fees, unifying accounting systems and reconsidering laws, not to mention providing any assistance with regard to industry in the port. There is no doubt that it is expected that the inevitable result of this will be to obtain the highest possible level of efficiency for port services in light of a certain level of costs by optimizing the available resources, which will result in an increase in the number of ships visiting those ports to achieve a greater level of profits as a result of high operating efficiency. Low level of fees. However, there are a number of obstacles that stand in the way of the development and growth of these ports, the most important of which are the following:A- The presence of centralized management weakens the spirit of competition among ports, and thus has a negative impact on the efficiency of operation and development.B - The administration's exposure to political pressures leads to an impact on the workforce in the port and thus on the port's productivity, not to mention the administrative bureaucracy.C - Increasing reliance on government support resulting from the low efficiency of operation and development.D- Inadequate representation of customers makes there is a separation between those responsible for providing port services and users of its services, and consequently not providing services as they should.